The nested regional model set up to simulate ocean dynamics and mesoscale variability of the greater Agulhas Current system covers the region from the Mozambique Channel to the Agulhas retroflection and the Agulhas Return Current. Therefore, in order to understand . Interannual Eddy Kinetic Energy Modulations in the Agulhas ... By disentangling the large-scale forcing which affects the small-scale statistics, we found . The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is one of the current systems in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) associated with high Chlorophyll-a Concentrations (CC). Structure and Transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar ... When they meet, the Agulhas Current retroflects, that is, it turns back on itself and is forced back to the east because of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) and becomes the Agulhas Return Current, rejoining the Indian Ocean Gyre. PDF An observed 20-year time series of Agulhas leakage 40's 50 350 E Similarly, an overly diffuse sea surface temperature gradient associated with a weak Agulhas Return Current leads to an equatorward shift of the Southern Hemisphere jet by more than 38 and weak stationary wave activity in the austral hemisphere. These fluctuations are a result of the retroflection process, which influences the upstream conditions through the radiation of Kelvin waves along . As it passes the southern tip of Africa, the Current turns eastward, back towards the Indian Ocean. Werner ALPERS1(),Kan ZENG2. Scope: 1.15. Author: Administrator Created Date: 3/21/2016 2:49:43 PM . OS - Characteristics and robustness of Agulhas leakage ... Indian Eddies Supply Atlantic Ocean With Warm Water The algorithm is applied to a state-of-the-art ocean model. The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean's subtropical gyre. Agulhas Return Current Reference Station Vetting Page. Interannual Eddy Kinetic Energy Modulations in the Agulhas ... PDF Relating Agulhas leakage to the Agulhas Current ... Conversely, for large inertia, or with the latitude of zero wind stress curlmuch closer to the continent, the full Agulhas Current would loop back into the Indian Ocean. The comparison with a Lagrangian method to mea- The Agulhas Return Current flows eastward and exhibits a quasi-stationary meandering pattern of wavelength 500 km between 38° and 40° S. Its core width is about 70 km with an associated transport of 44±5 Sv in the upper 1000 m (Boebel et al., 2003). The Agulhas Return Current | Request PDF Office of Naval Research . The Agulhas Return Current, which receives most of the Agulhas Current transport, flows eastward near 40°S and then executes a "S"-shapcd meander over the west half o1 the Agulhas Plateau to pass eastward within the southern side of the Agulhas Passage. PDF Mesoscale perturbations control inter-ocean exchange south ... focusing on Agulhas Current, Agulhas Return Current and an eddy over the Agulhas Plateau; thus the second pathway will not be included in this study. 2, H and I, and 3, B and C). The Agulhas Current system is an important part of the warm return route of the THC. the Agulhas Current overshoots the continent and makes a tight turn back into the South Indian Ocean as the Agulhas Return Current. The Agulhas Return Current constitutes the intense flow along the Subtropical Convergence south of Africa. Agulhas Return Current at an early stage with no normal inter-ocean exchange being feasible for a while. (2009) suggested that particles on the Agulhas Bank will leak into the South Atlantic Ocean through different paths depending on their distance from the coast; that is, particles closer to the coast will the Agulhas Return Current. The Agulhas Return Current tends to follow the Subtropical Convergence, which is a weak front in the South Atlantic. Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Received: 2020-10-10 Accepted: 2020-12-25 Online: 2021-03-20 Published: 2021-04-06. The upstream current has fluctuations in its transport . Detailed mechanisms for frontogenesis/frontolysis of the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) Front, defined as the maximum of the meridional sea surface temperature (SST . Millennial-scale Agulhas Current variability and its implications for salt-leakage through the Indian-Atlantic Ocean Gateway Margit H. Simon, Kristina L. Arthur, Ian R. Hall, Frank J.C. Peeters, Benjamin R. Loveday, Stephen Barker, Martin Ziegler, Rainer Zahn di Rende, c/o UNICAL-Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Italy. It is suggested that it is the largest western boundary current in the world ocean, with an estimated net transport of 70 sverdrups (70 million cubic metres per second), as western boundary . The location and characteristics of the fronts are examined and the water masses are defined. ulhas Current (AC) and Agulhas Return Current (ARC) con-trol the hydrography of the southwestern Indian Ocean. This plot [1] shows salinity averaged across all longitudes of each ocean basin, from the surface to the bottom, as a function of latitude: So the Atlantic is more salty than the Pacific by about 0.2 psu (at 30° North) up to about 0.7 psu (at 30° South). the adjacent Cape Basin. Agulhas and the Agulhas Return Currents) and a region dominated by the eddy field, i.e. Franzese et al. Occasional occlusions of this loop gener-ate Agulhas rings that subsequently drift westward into the South Atlantic Ocean [e.g., Lutjeharms and Gordon, 1987; Schouten et al., 2000]. This 'turn around' feature is termed the 'Agulhas retroflection', and the current at this stage is referred to as the Agulhas Return Current. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) Ocean Climate Station mooring preparing to be deployed on the South African Fisheries Research Ship Algoa at 38.5 o S, 30 o E, on the edge of the warm ARC southeast of South Africa (Picture: NOAA) The ARC mooring was deployed 30 November 2010 at 30E, 38.5S and broke away from its anchor on 16 January 2011. This infrared satellite image, taken on 23 March 2000, shows an Agulhas eddy which has already cooled down (green) surrounded by a warm filament of the Agulhas return current (yellow). Methods used by Warren and later modified by Niiller and Robinson have been used to investigate the Agulhas Current and other currents associated with it. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) in the South Indian Ocean is one of the most powerful, but one of the least studied oceanic currents. It can reach velocities of up to 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) and is therefore popular among participants in trans-oceanic sailing races. This exchange couples the wind- Agulhas leakage, the warm and salty inflow of Indian Ocean water into the Atlantic Ocean, is of importance for the climate-relevant Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This vetting webpage compiles information provided by the community to help us find the optimal location for the mooring. The comparison with a Lagrangian method to mea- The Agulhas Return Current emerges as a strong current as far east as 40°E which . It forms the connecting link between the generically similar South Atlantic Current and the South Indian Ocean Current, thus contributing to the water exchange between these two basins. Hydrographic data are presented from a near-meridional section across the Agulhas Return Current, the Subtropical Front and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Southwest Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany. Abstract The marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) response to sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations with wavelengths shorter than 30° longitude by 10° latitude along the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is described from the first year of SST and cloud liquid water (CLW) measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua . Our results show that the Agulhas Retroflection generally occurs in the region from 15.01-20.03°E and 40.47-38.44°S. Once offshore, it coupled with the surface Agulhas Return Current, whose meandering path advected the eddy northeastward and ejected it over the Agulhas Plateau. Hence, rectification of the double-ITCZ bias and a better representation of the Agulhas Current . 38. along the subtropical convergence zone and interacts with the local atmosphere [Large and. Employing the trajectories of Lagrangian floats is In the following section, the AMSR SST and CLW data, QuikSCAT wind data, and Reynolds SST analyses are described in detail. Time series of surface EKE in the Agulhas Return Current region of 15-35°E and 32-42°S calculated from (a) AVISO and (b) ECCO2 data. The Agulhas Current forms an important link in the global ocean thermohaline circulation by its role in the inter‐ocean exchange of water south of Africa. However, the nature and variability of the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is still relatively unknown, leading to uncertainty in its response to gyre intensification. 2. The results show that with the assistance of a small bottom current of 4 cm/s in the same direction as the main current, the Agulhas Current can proceed round the Cape of Good Hope during three out of four seasons of the year. Fig. Lutjeharms and Ansorge 2001; Lutjeharms 2006). 2009 analysed cores in the South Atlantic deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 20 000 years ago), and concluded that the Agulhas leakage was significantly reduced. Yeager, 2009]. Occasionally there is separation between the two and a definite Agulhas Front can be observed along with the Subtropical Convergence proper. Large, quasi-stationary During the winter monsoon (November-February), however, circulation is reversed north of 30°S and winds are weakened during . Agulhas Return Current transports at the two 1985 transects were 54 and 65 x 106 m s-l. The Agulhas Return Current tends to follow the Subtropical Convergence, which is a weak front in the South Atlantic. Agulhas Return Current. The AR-001 mooring line separated in a splice in the 3/4" nylon, 1415 m below the surface buoy on January 11, 2011. The values of Q eddy 50 m and Q turb 50 m in the Gulf Stream extension (Agulhas Return Current) are 120 and 104 W m −2 (63 and 60 W m −2), accounting for 31.6 and 27.4% (31.5 and 30.0%) of the surface heat loss, respectively. Not Currently Deployed. Al-though equatorward migration of the STF and reduction in Agulhas leakage were reported during the last glacial pe-riod, the fate of ARC during the last glacial-interglacial cy-cle is not clear. the South Atlantic Ocean (flow back into the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas Return Current). For this purpose, an algorithm that uses absolute dynamic topography data is de-veloped. During the . 2003, hereafter referred to as OCE). the Agulhas Return Current from the southern limb of the subtropical "supergyre" south of Africa. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) Ocean Climate Station mooring preparing to be deployed on the South African Fisheries Research Ship Algoa at 38.5 o S, 30 o E, on the edge of the warm ARC southeast of South Africa (Picture: NOAA) Furthermore, Blanke et al. Igor Kamenkovich, ikamenkovich@miami.edu. The large scale forcing or "far field" (De Ruijter et al., 1999) sets the strength of the AC and the position of the Agulhas Return Current. Red Current Flow: The strong Agulhas Current flows down the eastern coast of Africa, bends . The algorithm is applied to a state-of-the-art ocean model. It forms the connecting link between the generically similar South Atlantic Current and . . joins with the Agulhas Return Current before reaching what is considered to be the proper retroflection region. While the Agulhas Current (which flows along the East African shelf) and Agulhas Return Current are The properties of mesoscale geophysical . This is done for every single year of each model experiment, leading to annual time series of the AC, the Agulhas Return Current and Agulhas leakage transport. The Agulhas Return Current, which receives most of the Agulhas current transport, flows eastward near 40° S and then executes a "S''-shaped meander over the west half of the Agulhas Plateau to pass eastward within the southern side of the Agulhas Passage. The two main currents in the ocean are the Agulhas Return Current and Agulhas Current, controlled by the monsoon. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is an ocean current in the South Indian Ocean.The ARC contributes to the water exchange between oceans by forming a link between the South Atlantic Current and the South Indian Ocean Current. These perturbations may furthermore force the current to intersect shallow regions resulting in . The Agulhas Current transports surface and intermediate waters from the tropical Indian Ocean southward along the east coast of Africa. The Agulhas Return Current maintains its retroflected position despite the fact that it is not forced to do so after its initial formation. 2. The Agulhas Current is a strong western boundary current in the Indian Ocean, which flows southwards along the coast of Africa before turning back into the Indian Ocean as the Agulhas Return Current (Lutjeharms, 2006). The strong air-sea interaction is intimately linked to the Southern Annular. This early retroflection can sometimes be caused by a Natal pulse, if it grows large enough to interact with the Agulhas Return Current meander over the Agulhas Plateau (van Leeuwen and de Ruijter, 2000). On Radar Signatures of Upwelling. Sediments underlying the Agulhas Current and Return Current have significantly higher ratios than surrounding sediments. In Jan/Feb 2012, the Naval Research Laboratory and collaborators carried out a field experiment in which seismic and traditional hydrographic observations were acquired to examine frontal zone mixing . the greater Agulhas Current, INDIA has a horizontal resolu-tion ranging from 30 to 40km. It forms the connecting link between the generically similar South Atlantic Current and the South Indian Ocean Current, thus contributing to the water exchange between these two basins. This meandering path of the ARC has maintained the To demonstrate the use of the LACCE, the Agulhas Current position outputs from the algorithm computed over a 26-year period (1993 to 2018) are then used to describe the spatial and temporal variability of the Retroflection. All subsurface instruments on the wire continued to function while the buoy drifted eastward. This, in turn, becomes the Agulhas Return Current, which rejoins the Indian Ocean Gyre. A diffe. strong mixing portions of the Agulhas Return Current - Observations from seismic oceanography 2000h - 2200h Reception Dinner at Moyo TUESDAY, 9 OCTOBER Session 2: Effects of Agulhas System Variability on Regional Weather, Climate, Ecosystems,and Fisheries ('regional interactions') Spier Auditorium 1. The Agulhas Return Current flows eastward and exhibits a quasi-stationary meandering pattern of wavelength 500 km between 38° and 40° S. Its core width is about 70 km with an associated transport of 44±5 Sv in the upper 1000 m (Boebel et al., 2003). Black lines denote the original 3-day time series, and red lines denote the low-pass filtered time series after removal of signals . A deeply penetrating Agulhas Ring spun up the deep waters, pinching off an eddy, which later detached from the slope current and was carried southward. South of Africa . In JanFeb 2012, the Naval Research Laboratory and collaborators carried out a field experiment in which seismic and traditional hydrographic observations were acquired to examine frontal zone mixing . The Agulhas Current / ə ˈ ɡ ʌ l ə s / is the western boundary current of the southwest Indian Ocean.It flows south along the east coast of Africa from 27°S to 40°S. Agulhas Return Current (ARC) [Lutjeharms and Ansorge, 2001], which flows eastward. This general along-front flow is, however, substantially modified south of Africa by contributions from . A leakage of Agulhas water to the South Atlantic is possible because of the gap between the southern tip of the African continent (37 • S) and the 25 southern limit of the subtropical gyre, materialized . The properties of mesoscale geophysical turbulence in an oceanic environment have been investigated through the Lagrangian statistics of sea surface temperature measured by a drifting buoy within the Agulhas return current, where strong temperature mixing produces locally sharp temperature gradients. Agulhas Current transports ranged from 56 to 95 x 106 m s-l at four 1985 transects crossing the current. The analysis region is 27° to 60°S, 0° to 100°E, encompassing the Agulhas Retroflection and the Agulhas Return Current south of Africa. This means that a wind-driven vessel sailing on these currents southward along the east coast of Africa would be retroflected (turned back) into . , 2009 b , 2015 ) , mimicking the sparse observations from surface and . About author: Werner ALPERS (1936 . The system is fed, primarily, by the recirculation of a Southwest Indian This project will use numerical models and observational data to explore the variability and dynamics of the ARC and its heat transport. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) separates warm subtropical water to the north from cold subpolar water to the south and marks the location of vigorous air-sea interaction processes (e.g., Jury and Walker 1988; Jury 1994; Rouault and Lutjeharms 2000; O'Neill et al. Indian Ocean basin most of the slope current is entrained in the deep return flow of the Agulhas Current or ARC, leaving only 2-3 Sv to continue north. The Agulhas Return Current region is denoted by the black box in Figure 2. The Agulhas Current introduces Indian Ocean water masses into the Retroflection region, . Interleaving in the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) frontal region is commonly manifested in the form of thermohaline intrusions, as sub-tropical and sub-polar water masses of similar density meet. The eastward path of the ARC is not a straightforward trajectory, but instead consists of a series of meanders (Boebel et al., 2003). The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is one of the current systems in the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) associated with high Chlorophyll-a Concentrations (CC). Occasionally there is separation between the two and a definite Agulhas Front can be observed along with the Subtropical Convergence proper. Agulhas Return Current in the South Indian Ocean, the East Australian Current in the wSouth Pacific, and the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence in the Sou th Atlantic. Watch Circle: 3.5km Radius. It is narrow, swift and strong. Two large gyres, one in the northern hemisphere flowing clockwise and one south of the equator moving anticlockwise (including the Agulhas Current and Agulhas Return Current), constitute the dominant flow pattern. Astrid van Veldhoven investigated the Agulhas eddies. Mooring Type: Slack-Line. Model [5] Previous modelling studies have begun to capture these intricacies of the Agulhas system, however, at the expense of the modelled frequency and dimensions of rings Agulhas Return Current South Atlantic Current 200E 400E IOOW IOOE . The marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) response to sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations with wavelengths shorter than 30° longitude by 10° latitude along the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is described from the first year of SST and cloud liquid water (CLW) measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) on the . Interleaving in the Agulhas Return Current ARC frontal region is commonly manifested in the form of thermohaline intrusions, as subtropical and sub-polar water masses of similar density meet. These transports are computed relative to 2400 dbar, which lies below the deep oxygen minimum emanating from the South Indian Ocean, and above the North . This work presents the seasonal and inter . In this study, we focus on the SST front associated with the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (e.g. , 2013 ; Biastoch et al. The Agulhas Return Current front Tomoki Tozuka1 and Meghan F. Cronin2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, GraduateSchool of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA Abstract Air-seainteractionprocesses that modify the sea surfacetemperature (SST)front in the Agulhas 1 exemplifies the differ-ence between SSH-anomaly and the corresponding absolute MODAS-2D SSH fields. Approximately three to six times a year there is a large 'short circuit' in the retroflection region and huge 'rings' of warm Agulhas water, referred to as Agulhas rings or eddies, break . A new location needs to be found that will be easier for the mooring to survive. The resulting geographical Lagrangian statistics of mesoscale turbulence in a natural environment: The Agulhas return current. The Agulhas Return Current (ARC) is an ocean current in the South Indian Ocean.The ARC contributes to the water exchange between oceans by forming a link between the South Atlantic Current and the South Indian Ocean Current. Because of the problems of mixed water masses, the La-grangian volume transport might be a more appropriate mea-sure of the magnitude of Agulhas leakage in a numerical model. Answer (1 of 8): In general, yes. Author information: (1)CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, CNR-IIA, U.O.S. The open-ocean strong currents, sharp fronts, an d energetic synoptic variability make WBCEs challenging regio ns to observe, but existing te chnology will allow the Agulhas Return Current from the southern limb of the subtropical "supergyre" south of Africa. The objective of this work is to investigate meridional migration and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) trends in the ARC over the past 27 years using satellite-derived altimetry products. This process of ring shedding at the current's retroflection is dependent on perturbations to its trajectory that are sensitive to bathymetry. The Agulhas Return Current constitutes the intense flow along the Subtropical Convergence south of Africa. In this case, there is no leakage, owing to 'inertial choking'. Carbone F (1), Gencarelli CN (1), Hedgecock IM (1). The differences between the Reynolds and AMSR SST fields are quantified in section 3. It carries tropical and subtropical waters poleward, along the east coast of South Africa, between about 27 S and 37 S. South of the continent, at about 40 S, it retroflects to the east and becomes the Agulhas Return Current. It can reach velocities of up to 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) and is therefore popular among participants in trans-oceanic sailing races. For this purpose, an algorithm that uses absolute dynamic topography data is de-veloped. In the Monsoon zone, the ocean's surface circulates in reverses at least twice a year, featuring the two large opposing gyres, which develop in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The above findings also hold in the Gulf Stream extension and Agulhas Return Current (Figs. 1.1.2 Pathway 1- Agulhas Return Current . inertia the full Agulhas Current would turn west into the Atlantic and feed the Southern Hemisphere supergyre 8. It is estimated that up to 85 SV of the net transport is returned to the Indian Ocean through the retroflection. During this retroflection process, relatively warm and saline water from the Indian Ocean leaks into the South Atlantic by the . The Agulhas Return Current constitutes the intense flow along the Subtropical Convergence south of Africa. 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